芭芭拉·梅森独幅版画技巧

芭芭拉·梅森不仅与她的Solarplate技术知识的专家，她是一个热心，给老师的分享她的知识无条件.....丹WELDENSOLARPLATE是用艺术家谁画的钢背聚合物印版，油漆，做标记或使用摄影。 The process was developed in 1970-71 by DanWelden, Master Printmaker and pioneer of 'safer' printmakingtechniques, after which he co-authored “Printmaking in the Sun”with Australian artist PaulineMuir.这个过程是在1970-71开发的丹WELDEN，版画家大师和“更安全”版画技术的先驱，之后他与人合着“版画在阳光下”与澳大利亚艺术家保罗缪尔。

Originally I wanted to use this process to do 4color editions of viscosity monotypes, since the color is stabLe,unlike color change with metalplates.本来我想用这个程序做粘度单版画的4色版本，因为颜色是稳定的，不像变色金属板。Ofcourse, Solarplate generated it's own excitement and the processtook on its own life.当然，Solarplate产生它自己的兴奋和过程上了自己的生命。I wenton to make hundreds of Solarplates and began sharing and teachingothers.我还做出了数百Solarplates，并开始分享和教导别人。 It soon became obvious that Solarplate was easierand more consistent to use than other types of polymer printingprocesses.它很快变得明显，Solarplate更容易和更一致的使用比其它类型的聚合物印刷工艺。

There are four things that make thisprocess work:有四件事情，使这个过程中的工作：

An opaque image on a transparentfilm 在透明薄膜上的不透明图像

Contact between the image and theplate 的图像和所述板之间的接触

Exposure to UV light暴露于UV光

Water wash水洗

There isno need for the toxic grounds, solvents and acids like those usedwith traditional etchingtechniques.没有必要为有毒的理由，溶剂和酸，如那些用传统的蚀刻工艺中使用。

任何你可以施乐，绘制或打印到清晰的聚酯薄膜或醋酸可以接触到Solarplate。 Xeroxes onto Mylar or acetate workwell.静电复印机到聚酯薄膜或醋酸工作做好。 Film Positives out-put from a camera onto filmare good.电影正片出，把从摄像头到胶片上是好的。

Digitalphotographs printed through your computer onto transparent film canhave excellent results.通过您的计算机上的透明薄膜印刷的数码照片可以有很好的效果。They areall however, reliant on the quality of yourprinter.他们都是然而，依赖于你的打印机的质量。 Many artists experiment and explore possibilitieswith two transparencies sandwichedtogether.许多艺术家实验和探索各种可能性，有两个透明胶片夹在一起。 India ink, oil pastels, oil bars, china markers,etching ink and many marking pens work well and can draw well onMylar oracetate.墨汁，油画棒，油棒，中国标记，蚀刻油墨等众多记号笔运作良好，可以在聚酯薄膜或醋酸画好。Manymarkers also work well by drawing directly on theSolarplate.许多指标还直接在Solarplate绘制工作。 Caution: do not use water soluble markingmaterials directly on theSolarplate.注意：不要使用水溶性直接在Solarplate标记材料。

You canexpose many translucent materials as well as varied objects andobtain excellentresults;您可以暴露很多半透明材料，以及不同的对象，并取得了优异的成绩; you need to shorten your exposure time if theimage is delicate.你需要缩短曝光时间，如果图像细腻。 This is backwards thinking but veryimportant.这是倒退，但思维非常重要。 The less time you expose, the darker the imagewill be.你暴露的时间越少，越暗的图像会。 The longer you expose, the lighter it willbe.时间越长你暴露，较轻便。

Thesedrawings are done using china marker, oil bar (the rust color), oilpastel (the purple color) and black etchingink.这些图纸是用中国的标记，油栏（铁锈色），油画棒（紫色色）和黑色蚀刻油墨进行。Thecolor it only for demonstration to tell the mediums apart, as theopacity of the drawing media is the critical thing, so any colorwill probablywork.它的颜色仅用于演示告诉媒体分开，作为绘图媒体的不透明度是关键的东西，所以任何颜色可能会工作。

一旦图纸是让您满意，用婴儿粉“干”的墨水和蜡笔，洒得满的聚酯薄膜，用软布或纸巾再擦它关闭平缓。 At this point you can hold the drawing up fromthe back to see how it will look whenprinted.在这一点上，你可以按住图形从后面看到它就会打印出来的效果。

IMPORTANT be sure there are no lumps or ridges onyour original that will keep you from getting good contact betweenthe plate and theacetate.重要是确保有您的原始无结块或脊，将让你获得的板和醋酸之间的良好接触。

获得Solarplates大小合适，最简单的方法就是订购你需要的大小。 A big paper cutter will work for cutting customsize plates, but you need to hold it very securely and pull the armtoward the plate as youcut.一个大裁纸刀将工作切割自定义尺寸平板，但你需要保持它非常安全，拉臂朝板作为你砍。Use veryfirm, consistent pressure.使用非常坚定的，一贯的压力。 It takes a bit of practice.这需要一些练习。Neverput your hands or fingers directly on the plate, since it will maror leave fingerprints.切勿将手或手指直接在平板上，因为它会擦伤或留下指纹。Useprotective covering and take safetyprecautions.使用防护罩，并采取安全防护措施。 The part that is cut off will have a lip that isbent up, I immediately cut this off because if one forgets to doso, it will not give you good contact when you areexposing.被切断的部分将被弯曲了的嘴唇，我马上砍下这个，因为如果一个人忘记这样做，它不会给你很好的接触，当你暴露。In a normal room with fluorescent lighting youhave about 20 minutes before the plate starts to expose, if thereis any sun coming though windows, cover the plate with blackplastic as soon aspossible.在一个正常的房间，荧光灯照明你有20分钟左右的板才开始暴露，如果有任何太阳来，虽然窗户，尽快覆盖板与黑色塑料。

由于Solarplates暴露在紫外线照射下，可以使用太阳。 Since I live in Oregon where daily sun is iffy, Iuse the Solarplate Exposure unit availablethrough which is the least expensive manufacturedunit available and made specifically for theprocess.由于我住在俄勒冈州每天太阳玄乎，我使用可用的Solarplate曝光单元通过这是可以最便宜的制造单元和专为工艺制成。It ispretty heavy with the box, but this extra weight gives you bettercontact.这是很沉重的箱子，但是这额外的重量让你更好的接触。 You need at least ¼ inch plate glass, do not usewindow or picture glass unless you test itfirst.你需要至少6.3英寸的平板玻璃，不使用窗口或图片玻璃除非你​​先测试它。

大多数丛-GLAS有紫外线抑制剂，并且将无法正常工作。

你应该打好板的一面朝上放在薄泡沫或干净的感觉坐垫。 Next,place the artwork transparency face down on theplate.下一步，将艺术品透明度面朝下放在盘子里。 Add thepiece of glass on top, creating asandwich.添加一块玻璃之上，创造了一个三明治。

最后，放置在曝光装置上的玻璃的顶部。Theglass must be larger than the exposure unit or you will not havegood contact.玻璃必须比曝光单元较大或你不会有良好的接触。 Iusually expose the plate for about 90 seconds, however this mayvary with theartwork.我通常暴露板约90秒，但是这可能与艺术作品有所不同。
PROCESSING凹版图像

To makean intaglio plate you need to use a two stepprocess.若要使凹版你需要使用一个两步的过程。 In order to keep the blacks, one must use arandom pattern aquatint screen (stochasticscreen).为了保持黑人，必须使用随机图案飞尘屏幕（随机屏幕）。 This should be done prior to exposing the artworkand is ALWAYS 90 SECONDS with the exposurebox.这应该是露出了艺术品之前完成，并且总是90秒的曝光框。 The second exposure to make an intaglio plate isdone by laying your image face down, or emulsion side down on theplate and exposing it a secondtime.第二个风险作出凹版是通过铺设图像面朝下，或乳剂面朝下放在盘和揭露它第二次完成。Usecareful handling with the screen since dents can create poorcontact and unwanted blemishes in theplate.使用小心处理与屏幕，因为凹痕可以在板创建接触不良和不必要的污点。

You areburning out the whites, eliminating any possible tone from theunwanted areas and at the same time, the blacks and greys areunaffected.你烧出的白色，从消除不想要的区域的任何可能的基调，并在同一时间内，黑色和灰色不受影响。Do notlook at the light.别看轻。 UV light is dangerous and damaging to yourvision.紫外线是危险的，损害您的视力。

Theremay be some trial and error when you first learn to do thisprocess.可能有一些试验和错误，当你第一次学会做这个过程。 I recommend using very small pieces of scrapplates to figure out the exposure times…it will save your sanityand yourmoney.我建议使用非常小的碎片废钢板弄清楚的曝光时间......这会节省你的理智和你的钱。

Thisprocess can be done in the sun aswell.这个过程可以在阳光下进行为好。 To use the sun you need to work in the middle ofthe day and make test plates to figure out the exposuretimes.要使用你需要在一天中工作，使试板要弄清楚的曝光时间在阳光下。 Clamping the glass to a board with quick releaseclamps available at lumber yards workswell.夹紧玻璃的板可在木材码快速释放底座效果很好。 I recommend you have really good opaque positiveimages for working in the sun as these give you more leeway onexposuretimes.我建议你​​有很好的不透明的正面形象在阳光下工作，因为这些给你的曝光时间更多的回旋余地。Be sureit is not raining, you cannot get these plates wet beforedeveloping.要确保它不下雨，你不能得到发展之前，这些板块湿。 Also be careful not to touch them with yourhands, hold them by the edges or you might find a surprisefingerprint in yourwork.另外要注意不要用手触摸它们，由边缘追究他们，或者您可能会发现一个奇怪的指纹在你的工作。

Washout or Development : Oncethe plate is properly exposed, you put it in a shallow tray and useabout a cup of water. 冲洗或发展：一旦板正确曝光，你把它放在一个浅盘，并使用约一杯水。 This is preferred rather than wasting runningwater or filling a bath and having it slosh allover.这是首选，而不是浪费自来水或填充洗澡，并具有一切都结束吧晃动。 I use a soft brush, equivalent to a 'body brush'to scrub out image.我使用软刷，等同于'体刷'擦洗了形象。 I wash my plates out for about 45-60 secondsdepending on size.我洗我的板出约45-60秒，这取决于大小。 This process turns the water pink so weargloves.这个过程变成了水粉色所以戴上手套。 We do not think it is dangerous, but be safe, notsorry.我们不认为这是危险的，但安全起见，不后悔。 Always wash your hands when finished andespecially before eating.完成后一定要洗手，特别是进食前。Whenworking with children, I encourage them to use protective eyegear… sometimes are closer to the washout areas and splashingmayoccur.当与儿童工作，我鼓励他们使用保护眼睛的装备....他们有时更接近冲刷的地区，可能会发生飞溅。Afterthe plate is washed out, blot it dry with phone book pages leavingno water on the surface of theplate.后板冲了出去，吸干水分与电话簿的页面不留水板的表面上。 Use separate pages each time and dispose of eachsheet after use.使用单独的页面，每次使用后丢弃的每个表。 Do not reuse.请勿重复使用。 Post expose (put back into the exposure box) forabout 5 minutes orlonger.交的暴露（放回曝光框）约5分钟或更长的时间。
处理凸版

Therelief plate is generally exposed one time, without the acquatintscreen.在凸版，一般须承受一次，没有acquatint屏幕。 The ideal artwork for relief should be totallyopaque, no greys.理想的艺术品减免应该是完全不透明的，没有灰色。 With a good opaque image or opaque objects, itmakes little difference with the length of exposuretime.具有良好的透光图像或不透明的物体，这是毫无差别随着曝光时间的长短。 For best results, wash completely down to themetal, which takes about 5 minutes orlonger.为了达到最佳效果，彻底洗下来的金属，大约需要5分钟或更长的时间。 If residue remains, you may have your paperstick.如果残留物仍然存在，你可能有你的纸棒。

Blotimmediately since the wet plates are soft and parts of the imagecan be lost.立即吸干由于湿板是柔软和图像的某些部分可能会丢失。

Postexpose immediately for about 10 minutes orlonger.帖子立刻暴露约10分钟或更长的时间。

You maywish to file the corners slightly to prevent Tarlatan fromsnagging.你不妨稍微文件的角落，以防止Tarlatan从抽丝。

INKS油墨

Thereare a huge variety of inks that work for both relief and intaglioprinting.有一个巨大的品种，为救灾和凹版印刷油墨工作的。

The maincategories are OIL or WATER BASED.主要类别有油或水基。This isa matter of preference to the individual, since both haveinherently good qualities.这是优先于个人的事，因为两者有内在的优秀品质。Its goodto compare your results.其良好的比较结果。

Thereare, however, different types of oil based inks, based upon theiruse.有，但是，不同类型的油基油墨，根据其用途。 Intaglio printing requires something that is easyto remove and yet clings to the furrows of the plate, whereasrelief and lithographic inks have more tack and remain on thesurfacebetter.凹版印刷需要的东西，很容易去除，但攀附板的犁沟，而救济以及平版印刷油墨有更多的粘性和保持在水面上更好。

Using Akua Intaglio ink to print yourplates : 秉公用凹版油墨来打印你的板：

Akua isthe newly formulated water based brand of ink that works verywell.阿库阿是新制定的水性品牌的墨水，工作得非常好。

Squeegeethe ink onto the plate and remove as much aspossible.刮墨刀的油墨施加到所述板并除去尽可能多。 Using a soft tarletan, wipe the plate in acircular fashion.用软tarletan，擦板循环方式。 Finallly polish the plate with phone book pagesor a soft rag. Finallly抛光板电话簿页面或柔软的抹布。 Using the flat of your hand with a rubber glovewill help keep the paper from sliding and make it easier towipe.用你的手的平带橡胶手套将有助于保持纸张滑动，使其更易于擦拭。 The plates will need very little wiping with softtarletan, about 1/3 the time a metal plate would take towipe.所述板将需要与软tarletan，约1/3时的金属板将采取擦拭很少擦拭。Thishoney and soy-based ink will print on dry Arches 88 paper so it isan ideal ink forteaching.这种蜂蜜和大豆为基础的油墨打印在干燥的拱门88纸所以它是教学的理想油墨。It driesby absorption into the paper and stays wet on your ink slab fordays and days.它干燥吸收进纸，并保持湿润你的砚为天，天。 It is water based and is easier to clean up withdetergent.它是基于水的，更容易清理用洗涤剂。 Any ink left on the slab can be scraped up andretuned to the can so there is little if anywaste.留在板坯任何油墨可刮下并重新调谐到罐所以很少如果任何浪费。 Slightly damp paper will give a softer imagewheras the dry paper gives you a crisperresult.所见的那个干纸给你一个更清晰的结果略微潮湿的纸张会给出一个更柔和的图像。You canadd magnesium carbonate to this ink to stiffenit.您可以添加碳酸镁这种油墨变硬了。 Do not use water to modify theink.不要用水来修改墨水。 Thereare modifiers also, including is a transparent base, oil converterand blending medium.有修改器也包括一个透明的底座，油器和混合介质。The inksare heavily pigmented and you may wish to add transparent mediumfor a greater tonalrange.该油墨为深色，你可能希望添加透明介质更大的色调范围。

Using oil based ink to print yourplates 使用油性墨水打印版

I likeGraphic Chemical 514 bone black as it is a very soft and creamyink.我喜欢的图形化工514骨黑，因为它是一个非常柔软，滑腻的油墨。

Squeegeeoil based etching ink onto the plate using a plasticsqueegee.胶刮油基油墨蚀刻到用塑料刮刀板。 Remove the excess with soft tarletan and cleanthe surface with phone bookpages.软tarletan去除多余的和清洁的表面电话簿页面。 Clean the edges of the plate using a lint freecloth such as an old t-shirt.使用清洁无尘布如旧T恤的板的边缘。Theedges of these plates are thin and sharp, if you use paper towelsyou can easily cutyourself.这些板块的边缘薄而锋利，如果你用纸巾就可以轻松割伤自己。

I useoil based ink to wipe my plates and roll a background color of AkuaIntaglio over the plate.我用油性油墨给我擦板和滚阿库阿凹版印刷的背景颜色在板上。Becauseoil and water do not mix, the background only drops in where thereis no oil based ink and the oil based ink does not usually offsetto the roller.因为油和水不能混合，背景只滴在那里没有油基油墨，油基油墨通常不会偏移到辊。Thissaves a lot of roller clean up whileprinting.这节省了很多辊的清理，同时打印。

I use astandard etching press to print the intaglio plates, using lots ofpressure and the three standard blankets, the sizing catcher, thecushion and the pusher ontop.我使用的是标准的蚀刻按打印凹版板，使用大量的压力和三个标准毯子，施胶捕手，缓冲和在顶部的推杆。If youdo not get a good impression, increase thepressure.如果你没有得到一个良好的印象，增加了压力。 If it is still not good, you might haveover-wiped the plate as this is easy to do when you start usingSolarplates.如果仍然不好，你可能有过抹板，因为这是很容易做到，当你开始使用Solarplates。Iusually use damp BFK printmaking paper, but any dampenedprint-making paper willwork.我通常用湿布BFK版画纸，但任何挫伤印刷造纸会的工作。

Clean Up …清理 ...

a veryimportant job that is now totally nontoxic一个很重要的工作，现在是完全无毒

Thetruth is that oil based inks can be cleaned up with water andoil.事实是，油基油墨可以清理与水和油。 We use salad oil or baby oil in the studio andhave a totally non toxicstudio.我们用色拉油或婴儿油在工作室，并拥有完全无毒工作室。 No solvents are used except rubbingalcohol.无溶剂，除了用酒精擦。 This takes a bit more elbow grease than solvents,but saving your body and the environment are probably worthit.这需要多一点苦劳比溶剂，但节省了你的身体和环境都可能是值得的。 Scrub the plate with a soft brush or a plasticvegetable brush.用软毛刷或塑料蔬菜刷擦洗板。 A shoe shine brush isideal.一个擦鞋刷是理想的。 You can also use a dish detergent or somehousehold cleaners to finalize yourcleaning.您还可以使用洗碗精或某些家用清洁剂来完成您的清洁。 Once clean, blot thoroughly and/or let it airdry.一旦干净，吸干彻底和/或让它自然风干。 If you need to degrease the plate, use rubbingalcohol.如果您需要脱脂板，用酒精擦。 Store with a layer of baby oil or a petroleumproduct, such as vaselene covering both front andrear.存储有一层婴儿油或石油产品，如vaselene覆盖正面和背面。 Put it in a plastic baggie or loose leaffolder.把它放在一个塑料旅行箱或活页夹。 You may wish to write on the back, any pertinentinformation such as your exposure times…..I don't always rememberwhat I do down theroad.您可能希望在后面写，任何相关的信息，例如您的曝光时间.....我并不总是记得我做下来的道路。

A friendonce told me that as artists, we define our reality with ourwork.一个朋友曾经告诉我，作为艺术家，我们定义我们的现实与我们的工作。 I think to a degree this is true, that we are allsearching for some inner visual truth that we can portray toothers.我觉得在一定程度上这是真的，我们都在寻找某种内在的视觉真相，我们可以描绘给别人。Art isan act of making the invisible visible, bringing a hidden dimensionto human awareness.艺术是使无形可见，带来隐藏的维度对人类意识的行为。The word“abstract” means to separate or withdraw something from somethingelse.单词“抽象”是指从别的东西分开或撤销的东西。 Or to refine something large into somethingsmaller and concisely informative, to pull the essence into somepersonalinterpretation.或大的东西提炼成更小的东西和简洁翔实，拉精髓融入一些个人的解释。Asartists we do interpret and sometimes we can even make others seewhat we see.作为艺术家，我们都理解，有时我们甚至可以让别人看到我们所看到的。

Let meknow if you have problems and I will help you throughthem.让我知道，如果你有问题，我会帮助你通过他们。 - Barbara - 芭芭拉

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梦想与现实之间的磨合让我读懂很多生活的语言，风虽改变了方向，却没有改变我的行程-----

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